Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for British American Assignment

Marketing Audit and set Marketing Objectives for British American Tobacco Company - Assignment ExampleThe threats facing the troupe include the illicit and form trade, stringent regulations, high excise taxes and stiff competition. BAT can use its strengths to exploit opportunities in the e-cigarette customer segment, lucrative China market or make strategic acquisitions in emerging markets.BAT is a leading global tobacco company that was founded in 1902. The company has operates in more than 200 countries and has deliver the goods success through acting responsibly in the controversial tobacco industry (Lussier 2008). BAT has a diverse product portfolio that includes more than 200 brands that are sold in more than 200 markets crosswise the humankind. The market is estimated at one billion adult smokers and some of the global brands include Dunhill, Pall Mall, Rothmans, Benson & Hedges, and gilded Strike. Yach and Bettcher (2000) outlines that BAT has a strong presence in all ge ographical markets such as Americas, Asia-Pacific westward Europe, Eastern Europe, Middle East and Africa and has established 45 cigarette factories in 41 countries across the world (p 210). The traditional BAT tobacco products include the cigarettes, cigars, pipe tobacco while the next-generation products that are more groundbreaking include the electronic cigarettes and heat-not-burn devices (Hagele 2010).According to the 2013 financial results, BAT attained strong market and strong kale growth despite unfavourable operating environment and currency movements in some parts of the world. The company increase its diluted earnings per share by 6 percent in 2013 and total dividends were increased by 6 percent. The company managed to sell 676 billion cigarettes in more than 200 market and enter 15,260 million pounds in revenues. BAT adopted a new vision and new strategy in 2013 that reflects the needs of the consumers. BAT has implemented a sustainability approach to its

Lunch With the Theorists Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

dejeuner With the Theorists - Essay ExampleAs a nursing theorist, Hildegard told us that people with schizophrenia suffer from communication with others. Communication is a struggle for a lot of people with schizophrenia. Some individuals do not collapse the drive of communicating, while others do not have the self-belief to communicate what they have in mind. Some individuals roll in the hay illusions or hallucinations, which affects how they communicate with others. Hildegard believes that it is requisite to have a good nurse-client association to be capable of successfully relating with patients who have mental disorders. To assist these individuals relate well with other, Hildegard stated that it is essential to give them adequate season to make themselves heard. It is in any case vital to let them recognize that the society accepts them along with their illness.Carl Rogers, on the other hand, co-ordinated as humanistic approach to schizophrenia. He believes that schizoph renia is a crucial case that should be viewed otherwise from other cases of mental disorders. The humanistic approach, his own exceptional techniques to understanding human relationships and somebodyality, found wide natural covering in numerous domains for instance client-centered therapy (psychotherapy and counseling), student-centered learning (education) and organizations, along with other group settings. Carl Rogers believed that it is essential to know the mortals identity and personality among other factors in order to assist a patient with schizophrenia, it is essential to know the persons identity and personality among other factors.Piaget, finally, talked about the cognition perspective of a patient with schizophrenia. He considers these patients to be crucial elements of a society. It is the psychology of a mentally ill person to not be ignored by others. Mentally ill individuals need to be given attention. They also require understanding. Piaget says that he has dealt

I need me summary of psychological artilce Essay - 1

I need me drumhead of psychological artilce - Essay Examplehe specific areas related to the childs proper proceeds and development included making an assessment of the core cognitive processes to see how mature or unripe they were in late childhood, including processing drive on (Hale, 1990), voluntary response suppression (Diamond & Goldman-Rakic, 1989 Fischer, Biscaldi, & Gezeck, 1997), and working memory (Zald & Iacono, 1998) and then the problem areas to be tested would be speed processing, inhibition towards voluntary response as wellspring as the childs working memory.There are many different traditional psychological testing methods, but the one that is most suited to assesses and evaluate the maturation of all these cognitive processes is the method of testing making uses of oculomotor tasks, which allows for testing across a wide range of age groups. The book of instructions for this method are simple and can be understood by children of all ages. Further the tasks in this method involve encoding responses in visual, auditory, motor, speech and psychological processes. Finally, oculomotor tasks are especially well suited for informing us about the brain basis of development because these tasks have been used to think of the neural basis of cognition in single-cell studies of nonhuman primates (Barbas, 2000 Funahashi, Chafee, & Goldman-Rakic, 1993)Results for the maturation of response suppression errors indicated that a changepoint occurred at 14 years of age. For the ODR task, the changepoint occurred at 19 years of age. The results for other variables included the response latent period which were significantly correlated across all the tasks. In the antisaccade task, visual and memory guided responses correlated with the prosaccade rates. Hence, variant results show that though the development of inhibition in response is somewhat primarily independent of the speed processing development, yet where maturation is concerned, working memory does contribute significantly, demonstrating that voluntary/cognitive control

Production Scheduling and Control Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Production Scheduling and Control - Essay ExampleA simulation is a made-up world run by a user (student) within the conditions and parameters set by the softw atomic number 18 engineer (instructor) (Saskatoon Public Schools). It is designed to allow students to think critically and practice their decision making skills with very minimal risks involved. The simulation offered an insight on the benefits that batching could do for a business, particularly a restaurant business standardised Benihana.Batching or letting clients in by groups or batches (Shim & Siegel, 1999) is greatly effective during the peak hours. This is so because restaurant space is maximized by having clients stay at the bar and wait to be seated until there are enough to be seated on a free table. Because of this practice, all the seats for a particular table are used and no excess space is wasted. When this happens, costs for running two to lead separate tables are reduced because one table would be enough for two to three smaller groups of diners. In addition, clients would not wait too long, lessening the chances of them walking out of the restaurant. All these would eventually empathise to higher throughput, or sales per hour (Meredith & Shafer, 2007). On the human side of the experience, clients get to meet hot people as they may be seated with diners whom they do not know at all. Still, estimator based simulation, particularly the Benihana simulation system, is a great way to practice ones hypothetic learnings in operations management.

Journal 4 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Journal 4 - Essay Ex bigTheir acquaintance showed that contrary to common sense, aggression, accidents and the stress of enforcing rules are all reduced and transformed when rules were discarded by the ply in a collaborative process. in that location were three non-profit site centers (63 students in a university campus, 42 children in a workplace setting, and 32 children in high school). All are in inclusive settings with pick teacher consultants for children with special needs. There was a lot of diversity in the three centers including speakers of English as a second language, newly arrived immigrants, children from a single parent family, etc. All centers were practicing the conventional way, which was rule-based. There was an abundance of Dos and Donts, in other words, over-regulation, which was suffocating the children. They also found erupt that it was draining the teachers just policing and redirecting the children.Finally, they found out that there was a better way of d oing these things. With the influence of the Reggio genus Emilia Approach in their series of workshops, they were able to question old concepts and approaches. They initiated new and innovative ways to nominate learning more meaningful and stress-free. The operative word was collaboration. With brilliant results emanating from the reduction of rules in a setting, it also led to explorations with the physical environment, such as redesigning the layout of the cots at naptime, enlarging the block area from 4 ft by 6 ft to 10 ft by 20 ft, thereby giving ample space to chidren with better results. They also started redecorating their environs with Monet prints, flowers and even the bathrooms to make for a calmer effect on the children.As a result, the rule-driven, clock-driven practice was changed into values-based, responsive pedagogy. Of course, there were some who were resistant to change. Eventually, they had to embrace the new innovation because it lessen

Are Affirmative Action laws fair Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Are Affirmative Action laws fresh - Essay ExampleWhile affirmative action was initially designed to provide opportunity, the laws that are presently implemented are unfair and move against the initial intent of the action. The lurchs in culture and society, as wellhead as the alterations in educational institutions and in requirements for education train led affirmative action into seemly illegitimate. Instead of presenting new opportunities to minorities, it creates disadvantages to providing equal opportunity at bottom educational systems.When affirmative action began, it was based on opening doors for those that didnt have opportunity within educational systems or with jobs because of their race, ethnicity or gender. However, in the on-going educational system, as well as in the puddle force, the idea of affirmative action has begun to change the way that many look at individuals who are applying for the same job. By the laws, it is required that every jackpot and school have a percentage of minorities or ethnicities to show that there is equal opportunity within the work place. This basic requirement has led many to look beyond the principal(prenominal) employment needs and instead to offer equal opportunity by providing a balance in diversity. Some researchers (Merritt, Reskin, 1997), have found that work environments and educational institutions forget often overlook the credentials and the experience of professionals that are hired. Instead, they will look at hiring those that will present a sense of diversity within the work force. own(prenominal) characteristics, such as marital status and age, as well as race and gender, became some of the main priorities to those that were hiring. Supplementing this with experience then creates a different level of accountability to the educational institution or work force area (Merritt, Reskin, 1997).The demands for work areas and educational institutions to show diversity so they can continue to end orse against affirmative action laws is only one of the unfair aspects that

The Hotel Business Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Hotel Business - Assignment ExampleAs the discussion stresses the hotel contrast is one of the booming industries today. The advent of globalization has both necessitated and attracted people to travel cold geographic regions either for business, studies or leisure purposes. The demand for hotels have drastically increase with this change in lifestyle. The hotel industry has then been a in truth profitable venture for most businessmen. Travel catalyzes the hotel industry. And since technology has change magnitude the possibility and ease of transportation, we predict that the hotel industry will as well continue to boom.From the report it is clear that applying on trim backs and signing becomes very fragile especially if it involves a great deal of resource and puts the integrity of the business at risk. Contract equipment can be a very sensitive issue whether it be on employment, on business links and even in some financial decisions such as investing and borrowing. Peopl e who have experience on contract agreements have something to share on how to off the process of agreeing easy and comfortable. For the hotel industry, the practical guide is the same as with the other industries. During telephone conversations and at meetings prefer notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other soul to ensure in that respect is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed and confirm those points in a earn as soon as possible while also maintaining copies of all communications.... On the other hand, if both parties do not agree on non-negotiable aspects such as price, then the owner must not pursue with the deal. Preparation is also very important. This is the stage where the hotel owner can study previous contracts on similar arrangements so that adapting there will be a foundation for familiarity. This is also the stage where the owner can write down in the mouth the most important points that you need on agree on (Nicholas Sharp ). As to the records, Sharp and Etches give dickens practicals During telephone conversations and at meetings take notes of the points covered and at the end read them back to the other person to ensure there is a mutual understanding of what has been agreed and confirm those points in a letter as soon as possible while also maintaining copies of all communications (Nicholas Sharp). When the contract is with a supplier, several things must be done before inking the contract. It would be very helpful to shop for contrasting quotes before narrowing down your choice to a particular supplier. The contract should contain the relevant cultivation such as how and when payment should be made (National Consumer Agency). During the negotiation, it is highly advised to never agree to something whether verbally or in writing when you still have some points to raise and agree on. A very straight action of saying no to a proposal that contains some things that you do not agree on is also a mus t. Tactically, it is often better for you to prepare and send the other party the contract you want, rather than wait to get the other partys version. If you have to react to another version this

Quality and Cost (Unit 1 IP) Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

fictitious character and Cost (Unit 1 IP) - Research Paper ExampleAlso, this means the Hotel might have to incur surplus costs in terms of entertaining him during the waiting period. For example, they might have to serve a complemental meal depending upon situation or a seat in the customers lounge. This is an internal COQ.5. No evidence of the shop assistant asking for room preference. This whitethorn lead to the guest be dissatisfied with the room he gets and may lead to bad word of mouth and loss of business. This is an example of internal COQ.Average check-in cadence exceeding the 4 minute standard, which in many cases might add to the customer dissatisfaction as well up as the hotel is not getting the desired rating, and hence loss of business in terms of luck costs. This is an example of an external COQ.Usually in case of services, it is often difficult to differentiate costs as external or internal ones since the delivery of service is not detachable from the productio n of the service. Services being serve well based, the process cost can not usually be categorized as external.In order to achieve consistency in the behavioral aspect of the check-in process, for example, the standard three times the guest needs to be addressed by name, the staff needs to be trained accordingly. Sometimes, when the standards are not being met, the staff needs refresher trainings as well. This is a possible preventive cost of quality in the given scenario.Hotel Escargo might decide to hire an external agency to survey the process efficiencies for the check-in and check-out procedures which appear to be faulty for further investigation. This is an additional cost of quality and can be termed as an assessment cost.All the above identified costs shall be listed and then the data for the homogeneous shall be collected by quantifying the losses or costs incurred as costs of quality. They shall all be added (Pyzdek, 2000) to give an estimate of the cost of quality for

The living conditions and general environment of the Japanese American Research Paper

The living conditions and general environment of the Japanese American internment camps during area warfare II - Research Paper Examplefter investigation of the bombing provided no concrete proof of sabotage by the Japanese Americans, the heads of the war department concluded that the Japanese were organized and would non quiver to put forth an attack at any given favorable moment. Thus the recommendation by the commanding officer, General DeWitt, to relocate the Japanese residents was approved without any further enquiry. An secern was passed calling for troop evacuation of all those who were of Japanese descent by the Justice Department, which how perpetually, did consider the evacuation to be unessential and unconstitutional but had to give in to the views expressed by those in power. Being an election twelvemonth and also faced with the uncertainty of a war and for want of support from the people, the then President, Franklin Roosevelt signed the executive Order 9066 on Fe bruary, 1942, which ordered the army to exclude any one form areas designated by the military. The order never mentioned that people of Japanese descent be excluded or interned, but was however, used only against them (Exploring the Japanese American internment Japanese Internment).Thus the signing of the order was the starting point for one of the largest ever migration in world history and the evacuation of more than 110,000 Japanese Americans from the West Coast began in previous(predicate) spring that year (Exploring the Japanese American internment Japanese Internment Historical Overview World War II Relocation). A mass removal of such(prenominal) magnitude took place over a scant(p) time between the months of March to November, 1942 (Exploring the Japanese American internment World War II). The people were not told why they were subjected to such hardships, no charges were leveled against them and they did not know where they were relocated. Families were told to sell their properties within a short key period and told to carry minimum household belongings required for daily living. The families were given number tags and it was with such an

Public Relation(Marketing) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Public Relation(Marketing) - Essay ExampleThe ever diminishing turn-out in elections for the European Parliament - it fell in all scarce three member- call downs during the upstart Euro elections - is just one silvery expression of popular disaffection and indifference towards the EU (Clegg, 2003, p.5). The focus of the present essay is the perception of British citizens of 50 of European Union and related institutions.The nationwide EU research, conducted in summer 2006, comprised 1,347 persons of British citizenship, 45% of whom were people over 50 (Eurobarometer 65). As the report holds, the British atomic number 18 known for their typical answers I dont c be and I dont know, scarcely citizens over 50 have specific position. For instance, when asked about their opinion concerning the EU membership, 50 per cent of respondents answered It is a good idea, 16 per cent found it unacceptable, whereas there were 34 per cent, who were just unaware of current policy-making issues. As for seniors, the huge percentage of people over 50 (30 per cent) view EU membership as problem and dont support it, and only 23 per cent found the idea sound and reasonable. Still, there are 47% of indifferent (or poorly-informed) citizens, the majority of who are aged over 65 and who are currently not able of following all news broadcasts.Nevertheless, the survey suggests that the situation has improved comparing to 46-per-cent unawareness in summer 2005 (Eurobarometer 63). On the other hand, the related dynamics among seniors is slower - whereas in 2005, the percentage of indifferent or unaware citizens aged over 50 was 49%, the recent research shows only 2-per cent decrease. This fact is clear and explainable the survey was participated by various age groups and social classes - from students to businesspeople, and the natural increase of rearing level is exactly what the investigation has measured. On the other hand, citizens over 50 are less propel in terms of political in quiries, so they are likely to remain either uninformed or uninterested.The exact percentage of uninformed citizens is 12 per cent What is also encouraging to note is that only cxxv of the UK poll say that they know nothing at all about the European Union compared with 18 per cent a year ago. There is a welcome decline in the negative formulation of the UK data. A year ago, 28% of UK citizens said they never looked for information on the EU. It has now reduced slightly, but significantly, to 23% (Eurobarometer 65, p.3). On the other hand, White et al highlights that this positive step forward is being do by the population under 45, whereas the development of consciousness in citizens over 50 has been in state of stagnation for five years. For instance, only 8 per cent of British seniors made attempts to find more immense information about the EU (White, 2006), and their number has enjoyed only 1,5 per cent increase over the last year. introductory research (Lafferty, 2004) introd uces certain target audience for cognitive influence, and categorized the UK population by age and gender. womanish students from 23 to 28 turned out the most perceptive and sensitive in terms of recent information campaigns, run by the EU. People over 50 are considered neither influential (i.e. they are not able and not motivated to persuade their surroundings) not sensitive to new information. Lafferty indicates that the typical profile of a UK citizen over 50 is following a person interested in domestic news and concerned about governmental

Technology as an Aide to Developing Cleaner Solutions in Environment Essay

Technology as an Aide to Developing spick Solutions in Environment - Essay ExampleBig bold measures be need to make a difference now. New technology is the medium that will help address the issue of environmental issues from a prevention perspective rather than a solution. Both developed and developing countries air defilement is a common hazard. While acid rain is more than common in developed nations, somber air pollution is more common in the developing nations. Millions of tonnes of carbon dioxide and nitrogen are released into the gentle wind by industry and vehicles. These gases react with rain, mist, snow etc and fall as acid rain, far removed direct of origin being transported by winds that blow. Air pollution is considered to be worst in Canada, USA, Central and Union Europe. Other pollutants include volatile organic compounds or VOC, associated with vehicle emissions like ammonia and ozone forming near muster of earth fuelled by the combination of nitrogen oxides and voc. Lead pollution has been curbed in developed nations but the direct petrol still being sold affects developing nations. 450000 tonnes of lead released by humans all year, vehicle exhausts being a major cause. Pollution of our water resources is another area of concern. The numerous bodies of water are now big dumping grounds. 83% of all marine pollution is from land-based activities. Agricultural pesticides and herbicides, domestic and industrial sewage with toxic oils, human waste and radioactive wastes project contributed to declining water quality. Accidental oil ooze from refineries adds to the pollution and upsets the very fragile marine life and ecosystem. Sellafield, UK and Cap de la Hague, France has been blamed for local deaths and unsoundness due to polluted water. Unclean water kills 25 million people in developing nations every year at least three fifths of them being children. Third world countries that do not have enough potable water force people to draw water from contaminated sources that harbour pathogens, or carriers of disease. The increase in population around the world has heralded a burst of numerous problems. Their increase need for food and housing has accelerated the degradation of the soil and forest resources. To cater to the volumes of food needed to support the exploding population due to industrialized nations and automations, the use of pesticide and toxins in agriculture has become widespread. As more and more pesticides are used, these super pests develop more resistance and stronger pesticides are needed, increasing land befoulment and contributing to a vicious cycle. This population and the industries catering to them also generate staggering amount of wastes. runaway waste presents environmental and health risks. Managing this waste gives rise to a

Conduct a SWOT Analysis Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Conduct a fancy up Analysis - Assignment ExampleThe company has already positioned itself in the market as the best producer of personal calculators. It has absolute control over the manufacturing of its products and its operating system. Apple Company is self-reliant and manages its own computer components internally. In addition, the company works under high quality standards in order to meet the demands of the customers (Barney, 1991).in concert with that, it is devoted to research and development for developing new products, which makes its products more effective and practicable to use. Based on the companys dedication to quality, well-nigh of the Apples products are simple to use, and has managed to maintain loyal customers who buy the products found on the quality and not the price. The company prides itself from the various brands in the computer business, which yields a good pass income. From the financial reports, it is apparent that it leads with the highest stock pr ice in the market. Apple Company rarely suffers from financial deficits, since most of its finances come from its equity. Most investors desire to invest in Apple Company based on its transparency, accountability and does not operate on amounts outstanding. The customer service is vast and highly esteemed by customers. It is the vision of Apple Company to maintain its status quo as long as it remains capable in the market (Barney, 1991).Emerging technology in terms of goods produced, especially, the electronic goods are a part that challenges Apple Company since it has to ascertain that the goods and services offered are consistent with the technology. For example, Apple Company encountered many difficulties aft(prenominal) producing the iPod. The gadget had numerous glitches and technological faults.Fortunately, Apple Company managed to deal with these faults. The organization faces stiff competition from otherwise companies producing similar products, and

What are the main sources of international competitive advantage Think Essay

What are the main sources of international competitive avail figure about a successful product in your country, what are the - Essay ExampleFocus system When a business implements any of the cost leadership or differentiation strategy but in a specific customer target group like in a specific geographic area, the niche segment or a specialized variant of products. Competitive advantage is achieved by devising optimal use of the resources and the capabilities of then business to create a structure with lower cost or a differentiated product. Achieving a sustainable competitive advantage makes a firm capable of creating more(prenominal) value for its customers and deriving super profits from the business. The main sources of competitive advantage are the asset resources, capabilities and the fundamental success factors. In this report we consider the Porsche cars to study the process of competitive advantage achieved by this line of products. Discussion Porsche is a highly profi table company which manufactures luxurious premium cars. The brand offer culture and comfort in their products and is segmented as a premium product. Porsche cars have gained enormous competitive advantage by implementing a focus differentiation strategy. ... To ensure serving these customers effectively and ensure brand loyalty, Porsche has unquestionable unique aligned capabilities. The mission statement of Porsche is perfectly aligned with their strategic planning thus creating an original and unique product. The brand has achieved ultimate competitive advantage by strategically combining tincture and uniqueness in its products. The lean production system adopted in the manufacturing of the cars is a key factor in gaining competitive advantage for the product. The resources maintained by the company is carefully chosen and highly maintained. The human resources and the physical resources of the brand add to the value chain. Porsche recruits highly qualified people as their s taff and extensively cosmic string them to make them competent enough. The employees are imparted with necessary skills through training centres all over the world and in Germany especially. The company supports and motivates their staff by maintaining a financial incentive structure where a percentage of the each year turnover is given as incentives to the employees of Porsche according to the company results. The physical resources of the company are of high quality and the manufacturing process involves using materials of high quality and the use of advanced technology (Porter, 2008, p. 68). The Research and Development team up of Porsche in Germany tries to innovate and create superior quality and unique products so as to achieve sustainable competitive advantage. The configuration of the manufacturing plants is concentrated and every department of production is maintained in the closest doable place. Only few parts are imported from other countries or taken from other

Prison industries Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Prison industries - Essay ExampleHowever, on ground evidence suggests that punitive companies are not earning a sufficient amount of profit over their investment inside the punitory industry. Rather, they incur more cost than earning a sufficient amount of profit. The fundamental cause is that ever change magnitude cost over maintaining such correctional facilities have brought down the profit of such companies. And this ever ontogenesis cost is simultaneously visible in both private and public run correctional facilities. Additionally, in some states, thither are more facilities and lesser inmates. As a result, this increases cost of maintaining such facilities. Furthermore, there are certain studies which suggest that more legislation is required to bring many types of offences under the account of constitution. Or on many such issues, the process of legislation is very slow. Fundamentally, this issue has been politicized and the political parties inspire in a way to satisfy their political interests rather than taking such steps required to get approved the necessary legislation. Aggregately, these factors diminish the chances of profitability in the correctional industry. However certain measures may be suggested to improve the possibility of profitability in the industry.

Who needs Superstars Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Who needs Superstars - Essay ExampleA corporate superstar is someone that shines above al of the rest and the article refers to the fact that there is non enough talent in corporate America. There are the Bill Gates and the Donald Trumps of the business demesne but e really presidential term needs their own Gates and Trumps and having just one in the scheme is non enough.However, Article 18 points out that the Gates and Trumps of the corporate world are rare. The article likens them to unicorns, the mythological beast with special powers and explains that many corporations open their resources to discovering a unicorn. It also examines the fact that there are not enough unicorns out there and presents a solution to this problem. There article also includes a countersign of what a corporation has to do with the unicorn once they find it. If one of these corporate superstars is expected to make to their capabilities and appearance their talent they essential be challenged. T he difficulty in this is that talent is so rare it is easier for an organization to dedicate their resources to landing with a group of normal individuals to acquire talent out of the group of them. Article 18 also expatiate the problems that organizations build with structure. It describes initiative programs put into motion by corporations but and also details how most times these initiatives are not followed through with. It is necessary for the talent in the company to be challenged in order for them to prosper but Article 18 points out that in most companies this is not done. ApplicationThe premise of talent can be applied to my life and my place of acetify. Where I work everyone does what they are supposed to do to keep their jobs and not much more. I work with some very intelligent people who actually are probably very talented. However, their talent does not rise to the sack up because they are not challenged. I believe that there is routine in the workplace and this gi ves an atmosphere for mediocrity. The work environment is one of routine and if initiatives were given and followed through with, I think that more people mogul go the extra step and their true talent and potential would surface. I think that potential is a very important word in this discussion because its as if not enough people perform to their potential. At my workplace, the employees walk around like robots and do their tasks in a routine manner giving nothing extra. However, it is important to point out that hard work is not rewarded in the company I work for. That brings up another point that needs to be addressed and that is does hard work have to be rewarded or should it be expected I feel that talented people in an organization are those individuals that put one hundred percent effort into everything that do. I also that they do this not to be rewarded but because that is how they perform and that is what makes them talented. The problem is how to get the talent out of p eople. The question that is being examined in this portion is how to apply this premise to a place of work. As I pointed out my placer of work is fill with individuals who do what is expected of them and nothing more. Would initiatives work I believe some motivation would be reformatory but as Article 18 pointed out an initiative program needs structure and must be followed through with.I think that at my place of work there would be no structure to an initiative plan. I do feel it would be embraced at the beginning but would eventually fade out and everyones attitude would be back to where it is now. This brings up the point of being rewarded and expecting it. I experience all

Literature Review Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Literature Review - Coursework ExampleThe current study aims to examine and evaluate various practices and policies on slaying assessment systems and procedures as revealed by diverse authors whose researches have been published in peer reviewed schoolman journals. This literature review hereby aims to proffer relevant issues that emerge in the subject of achievement appraisal. The purpose of organizational effectiveness which is the degree to which objectives of an organization argon achieved is a cardinal task of management. The contribution of each(prenominal) employee in attaining these objectives is the extent to which one has achieved. Therefore, feat paygrade is the assessment of achievement of objectives. Longenecker and Nykodym (1996) examined the potential benefits of performance appraisals and revealed that the appraisal process serves as a communication tool, a means to increase motivation and productivity, an arena for parole of future career prospects for growt h and development, as a basis for wage administration, and as a model for decision making process relative to human resources concerns. Brown, Hyatt and Benson (2010) likewise validated the ability of performance appraisals in increasing employee performance and productivity through greater employee identification with the commitment to objectives of the organization (Brown, et.al, 2010, 377) financial incentives which are contingent on performance (ibid, 378) and through encouragement of retention. Likewise, Eremin, Wolf and Woodard (2010) acknowledged the critical role of performance appraisals in merit based pay system. While eminent advantages are presumed to be realized from performance appraisal systems, some research have divulged the presence of biases due to various factors, to wit favoritism and government activity (Heneman, 2003) and issue of fairness and equity, lack of trust in management, and lack of resources or money for rewards (Eremin, et.al, 2010). On the oppos ite hand, supervisors expressed difficulties in handling poor performers as revealed from appraisal reports due to the need to exercise objectiveness in identifying performance problems (Daley, 2008). Management support was likewise another factor stated by Daley (2008) as precluding plans for performance improvement. Further, the time consumed to address performance problems tend to neglect other pressing responsibilities. The need for performance appraisals and evaluation, despite issues of biases and difficulties in application and in addressing poor performers, was deemed relevant and worthy by both managers and employees (Longenecker & Nykodym, 1996). The ambitious issues that face organizations is designing an appropriate and effective performance appraisal system free from biases and serves clearly determine goals. Brown (et.al, 2010) is a function of both performance appraisal procedures and treatment focusing on intravenous feeding indicators clarity of role and purpose , extent of communication and flow of information, level of trust the employee has for their supervisor, and fairness throughout the process. As suggested by Eremin (et.al, 2010), biases could be addressed through a closer evaluation of current performance evaluation systems and by increasing the training of evaluators. Longenecker & Nykodym (1996) presented both managers views and subordinates

Nonverbal Communication Cod Essay Example for Free

Nonverbal Communication Cod Essay1. What nonverbal messages ar being direct in this photo?2. What type of nonverbal communion codes are being utilise to deliver the messages?3. What found does each message have on the other(a) people in the image?4. What nonverbal dialogue skills and strategies could be used to communicate forcefulnessively in this situation?1. What cultural barriers are seen in this image?2. What type of nonverbal parley codes are being used to deliver the messages?3. What erect does each message have on the other people in the image?4. What nonverbal dialogue skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation?1. What nonverbal messages are being displace in this image?2. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages?3. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image?4. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in thi s situation?1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image?2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image?3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages?4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image?5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation?1. What cultural barriers can be seen in this image?2. What nonverbal messages are being sent in this image?3. What type of nonverbal communication codes are being used to deliver the messages?4. What effect does each message have on the other people in the image?5. What nonverbal communication skills and strategies could be used to communicate effectively in this situation?

Targeting Teenagers Essay Example for Free

Targeting Teenagers essayWhen taking a look around at the night life of any city of the western culture we may come to a purpose that pubs and party places atomic number 18 stuffed with under aged children down the stairs 20 or even 18. These kids need more(prenominal) than muscularity to survive the rush of the nightlife therefore it is non unusual to see them pledgeable cypher drunkennesss or even mixing it with alcoholic swallows. Do the producers and marketplaceers of such zip drinks like wild talk through sensations hat or Monster think of the unhealthy effects of these drinks on girlishs?A perception gouge be made that such boozings argon high uply effecting and endangering the health of their pine awayrs teenagers and adults however, their producers are tushing at the most vulnerable and willing to spend audience the teenagers of the western cosmopolitan cities. The long destination goal of producers and marketers of energy drinks is non l ess but to own as high percentage of the market share as possible, using any kinds of marketing tools, without taking into consideration ethics and the health risks caused by energy drinks. Health Effects.It is a sound-known fact that energy drinks such as ablaze(p) horseshit or Monster contain ingredients that could be wounding non only for teens but for adults as easy in the long run. According to pharmaceutical studies of Clauson et al. (2008) ginseng, taurine, guarana, bitter orange, and caffeine key ingredients of energy drinks may move with each new(prenominal) in a way that screw cause symptoms varying from headache, insomnia, high blood-pressure, stroke, or even heart attack. Various sources from the Internet show evidence that teenagers health was harmed after consuming energy drinks.In Colorado Springs, several(prenominal) high school students last year became ill after drinking Spike Shooter, a high caffeine drink, prompting the principal to veto the beverages . In March, four mediate school students in Broward County, Florida, went to the emergency room with heart palpitations and sweating after drinking the energy beverage reddishline. (Parker-Pope, 2008) Three years ago, Ross Cooney, 18, from Ireland, died after he shared four senss of departure pig bed and played in a basketball match. (Nordqvist, 2004).In the mean time it must be mentioned that not only the ingredients green goddess be harmful and risky for the teenage consumers but the lack of responsibility during drinking energy drinks plays an classical role as well. While adults are or should be able to keep their limits, teenagers act in the most unexpected ways. But the biggest worry is how some teens use the drinks. Some report downing several cans in a row to get a buzz, and a freshly study found a surprising number of poisoncenter calls from young people getting sick from too untold caffeine. (Johnson, 2006).Other sources underline that another factor effecting adolescents is strongly in connection with their behaviour. Energy drinks may negatively affect those teenagers, who are more aggressive by nature, High consumption of energy drinks is associated with toxic patron behavior, a constellation of risky and aggressive behaviors including unprotected sex, substance abuse and violence. (Parker-Pope, 2008) Based on the above risk factors and several other additional ones numerous countries and states have already banned or move to ban energy drinks, however, they were not able to sustain the state of rejection for a longer time span.For congressman France, Denmark and Norway have banned blood-red red cent for a certain amount of time the ban was upheld by the European Court mainly because the caffeine levels were considered to be safe and negative effects of other ingredients were not supported. The European Union enforced Red Bull and other energy drink providers to warn their consumers of the high caffeine nitty-gritty (Nordqvi st, 2004). In the United States there have been several attempts as well to ban energy drinks to protect adolescents, but the law does not make any restrictions possible.Energy drinks, which are classify as dietary supplements, are not regulated by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). That instrument they dont have to follow the same strict limits that the FDA places on potentially harmful ingredients such as caffeine (a primary component of energy drinks) that soda makers must follow. (Park, 2011) Based on the above studies a conclusion can be made that even though energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful if consumed un-responsibly, the level of ingredients are still considered to be safe.Teenagers must be taught that consumption of such beverages should be kept below a certain limit or should be avoided. Attracting Teenagers Why is it so attractive for teenagers to consume Red Bull, Hell, Burn, Monster, or any other energy drinks? Most probably because these dr inks are considered to be the drink of popular, young, successful people mostly delightsmen. Goodmans video about The Merchants of cool (2001) describes this situation clearly be cool is essential to teenagers to be in the spotlight.Marketing cool became very popular these days, due to the well known fact that teenagers of metropolitan cities tend to use eat, drink, wear whatever they believe is cool and in the mean time their parents are willing to pay for these items. In the sudden a product becomes push-down list or becomes un-cool according to these teenagers, they are not willing to purchase them anymore. The teenagers who are willing to pay for the products compensate a strong and rich audience. Therefore marketers should keep this in front of their eyes when designing new marketing strategies, mostly when talking about brands that tend to target the teenagers.If we gull a look at what the energy drink brands represent, it is visible that they are either committed sp onsors of extreme sports, other popular sports, (Ho, 2006) or position themselves in the centre of leisure and parties (Arlidge, 2004). This certainly is cool amongst adolescents. It can be stated that Red Bull, Monster, or other beverages are the representatives of cool. Which cool teenager would not like snow boarding, skate boarding, devil trucks, air shows, Formula-1, cross motors, car racing or any other knockout extreme sport like skydiving?(Helm, 2005) Therefore these producers target teenage buyers exactly they way they should be targeted. Does this seem unfair, or is this an example of perfect targeting? It must me mentioned that these energy drinks give the message to teens never to rest and always do something to be always on the move. Today a usual American watches television approximately 4 hours 45 minutes per day (Shea et al. 2010, p. 165) hours per day. By the age an average teenager reaches the age of 21 he or she has watched more than 20 000 hours of television already.Most teenagers use the Internet throughout the day, however, only 28% of them looks for fitness and health tips (Oblinger, 2005). It is also stated that over 155 million children are stalwartness military man wide, similarly in the United States and in the European Union, approximately 35% of adolescents are considered to be overweight or obese. (Shea et al. 2010, p. 166) Red Bull spends annually billions of dollars on not only sponsoring sports, but also structure its own sports teams (Ho, 2006).Varying from numerous different sport categories, Red Bull attracts millions of teenagers towards these sports. For instance skate boarders Ryan Sheckler, Zered Bassett, Joey Brezinski, or Nick Dompierre are well known endorsers of Red Bull. They have millions of fans worldwide and hundreds of teenagers started skate boarding because of them. We can mention thousands of examples where an energy drink brand sponsored sport idol became the hero of teenagers. Because of these idols teenagers later on started doing sports quite of just sitting at home.Should parents thank Red Bull or Monster for doing this? Red Bull can easily reach its target audience through showing them how popular and trendy it is to drink their beverages. In the mean time they give the message to teenagers never to rest, and to do some sports, therefore they can become the cool and popular actors of their environment. Etical Behaviour After seeing what product Red Bull offers to teenagers, and conditioned how these adolescents are reached, it is essential to take into consideration whether marketing tools of energy drink providers are ethical or not.The American Marketing Association clearly defines what is considered to be ethical from marketing point of view, however, it must be mentioned that acting ethically is always relative, it depends on the set and norms what a certain individual, or what the troupe tends to clear as ethical. American Marketing Association states that norms a re the following do not harm further rely in the marketing system embrace ethical values while ethical values are honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency, citizenship (American Marketing Association, n. d.).Let us take a look at these one by one through the actions of Red Bull. Do not harm This means consciously avoiding harmful actions or omissions by embodying high ethical standards and adhering to all applicable laws and regulations in the choices we make. (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) We have seen that even though we cannot state clearly that energy drinks are harmful for teenagers, they could have negative effects if they are consumed un-responsibly. Red Bull strongly covers its declensionisions of the ingredients of beverages through a legal perspective.Currently the amount of caffeine and taurine are below the unhealthy limits, therefore Red Bull cannot be questioned from legal point of view. On the other hand if we take a look at a can of Red Bull it is not described clearly how legion(predicate) milligrams of caffeine or taurine could or should be consumed per day, or how many cans of energy drink can an adult drink without risking his or her health. Just like on the megabucks of cigarettes or alcoholic beverages it should be mentioned in a visible, obvious way that drinking more than one can of energy drink per day could have harmful effects on health.Red Bull does not harm its buyers, however, the consumers should be educated more about the beverage. In return for this action Red Bull could be representing the care towards consumers. Foster trust in the marketing system This means var. for good faith and fair dealing so as to contribute toward the efficacy of the exchange knead as well as avoiding deception in product design, pricing, communication, and delivery of distribution (American Marketing Association, n. d. ). Red Bull communicates towards customers that their drinks will Give you move.They position them selves in the centre of extreme sports and parties where particular(a) energy is essential. The picture they have built throughout the years is representing values of the company in an obvious, clear, and fair way. When we take a look at the price of a can of Red Bull it also represents that this beverage somehow stands out from other non-alcoholic drinks such as Coke or Sprite (Helm, 2005). Therefore they clearly give the message that this drink is something special and should be consumed only when the human body needs extra energy and wants to be on the top.Embrace ethical values This means building relationships and enhancing consumer confidence in the integrity of marketing by affirming these core values honesty, responsibility, fairness, respect, transparency and citizenship. (American Marketing Association, n. d. ) Red Bulls target audience is the male population, from teenagers to 25-30 year old adults (Helm, 2005), however, when looking at teenagers, those who really purch ase or pay for the drinks are mostly their parents, of which Red Bull is confident, therefore they should give a message to the parents as well about honesty, responsibility, fairness, etc.Right now according to previous studies of this paper parents are the ones who trust the least these energy drinks and are scared of its negative effects on their teen children. Red Bull is honest, since what they state is true. Their beverage contains a high amount of taurine and caffeine that gives more energy and wings. On the other hand it is hard to say they are responsible. They do not focus on telling their teen consumers that the drink can be harmful, and in the mean time they drag the adolescents to dangerous extreme sports.These surely will not win the trust of parents. Red Bull and other energy drink providers should win the trust of parents by either not letting teenagers drink their beverages, or cook a certain type of drink that is even if consumed un-responsibly cannot have a ny negative effect on adolescents. All in all Red Bulls actions of marketing are legally cover and they cannot be mentioned as an unethical company, however, certain restrictions and actions would make them appear in a much more positive scene. Conclusion and RecommendationsWe have come to the final conclusion that energy drinks contain ingredients that can be harmful for consumers teens, adolescents, or adults however they are endangering health only if they are consumed irresponsibly. It is truly visible that the target audience of the highly caffeinated drinks are male adolescents (age 18-25), who tend to use more energy, or show the society how popular and cool they are. Sources have underlined that energy drinks are consumed by even younger teenagers, whose drinking habits may become dangerous, since they do not tend to focus on the healthy consumption of energy drinks.Red Bull and other similar beverage providers should put more focus on teenagers and provide them more detai ls on how the energy drinks should be consumed. Marketers of Red Bull and other energy drinks focus on the face of it on gaining the highest market share possible, however, they are keeping all the necessary limits to be legally covered. overly the possible unhealthy effects of the beverages these firm focus on sponsoring sports, which can help the health of teenagers in the long run, and attract them towards sports.The more they can effect teenagers to start doing some sports, the more helpful they can get for parents therefore the presence of energy drinks on the market causes controversies. To avoid confrontation with parents in the emerging energy drink producers should focus more on educating consumers how to drink their beverages, and state clearly on the cans the ingredients of their products. The scoop out possible solution would be to mention on the packaging visibly that teenagers below 18 should not consume energy drinks, or to create a product for younger teens that can be consumed without limits, at any time of the day.List of References American Marketing Association (n. d. ). affirmation of Ethics. ready(prenominal) at http//www. marketingpower. com/AboutAMA/Pages/Statement%20of%20Ethics. aspx (Accessed 1 November 2011) Arlidge, J. (2004). How Red Bull woke up the teen market. The Guardian, 5 December Online. obtainable at http//www. guardian. co. uk/media/2004/dec/05/advertising. formulaone (Accessed 31 October 2011) Clauson et al. (2008). Safety issues associated with commercially available energy drinks. Pharmacy Today 14 (5), pp. 5259. Conway, C. (2011). A Sports Marketing Success Story.Available at http//www. sportsnetworker. com/2011/03/08/a-sports-marketing-success-story/ (Accessed 29 October 2011) Helm, B. (2005). Energy Drinks Build Their Buzz. Bloomberg Businessweek, 5 January Online. Available at http//www. businessweek. com/smallbiz/content/jan2005/sb2005015_8196_sb017. htm (Accessed 29 October 2011) Ho, M. (2006). For Red Bu ll, Its Here, There and Everywhere. The Washington Post, 23 August Online. Available at http//www. washingtonpost. com/wp-dyn/content/article/2006/08/22/AR2006082201516. html (Accessed 28 October 2011) Merchants of Cool, The (2001).Directed by Barak Goodman DVD. A Report on the Creators Marketers of pop Culture for Teenagers. s. l. , PBS Nordqvist, C. (2004). French ban on Red Bull (drink) upheld by European Court. Available at http//www. medicalnewstoday. com/releases/5753. php (Accessed 29 October 2011) Oblinger, D. G. (2005). Educating the Net Generation. s. l. , s. n. Olson, J. (2011) For some kids, drinks can pack a risky punch. Star Tribune, 13 February Online. Available at http//www. startribune. com/lifestyle/wellness/116136804. html (Accessed 1 November 2011) Park, A. (2011).Energy Drinks May Harm Health, curiously for Children. The Time, 14 February Online. Available at http//healthland. time. com/2011/02/14/energy-drinks-may-harm-health/ixzz1cRphxGJE (Accessed 28 Octob er 2011) Parker-Pope, T. (2008). Energy drinks linked to risky behavior among teenagers. The new York Times, 27 May Online. Available at http//www. nytimes. com/2008/05/27/health/27iht-27well. 13247828. html (Accessed 28 October 2011) Sarasalin, K. , Watthanachai T. (2009). The internationalization assist of Red Bull from the perspectives of global expansion.Master Thesis. Malardalen University. Shea B. , Harvey-Berino J. , Johnson R. (2010). Watching television how does it influence the dietary quality of children?. feed Bulletin 35(2) pp. 165-171. Academic Search Complete Online. Available at http//web. ebscohost. com (Accessed 1 November 2011) Sonneville K. , Gortmaker S. (2008). Total energy intake, adolescent discretionary behaviors and the energy gap. International Journal Of Obesity 32 (19-27). Academic Search Complete Online. Available at http//web. ebscohost. com (Accessed 1 November 2011).

Role of Mental Health Nurse in a Forensic Unit Essay Example for Free

Role of Mental wellness Nurse in a Forensic Unit EssayThe role of the mental wellness nursemaid MHN) while always having the same basic skills set will have a different vehemence within the various service settings such as residential district, Acute or Forensic which is the topic of this evidenceThe forensic MHN specialises in the assessment and treatment of nation who may be mentally ill and argon normally in the criminal justice system with the service provided in a secure environment. They may also work with victims and others on the edge of the system such as those where other services atomic number 18 un equal to cope with them due to their behaviour disrupting others (rethink 2011). Forensic means relating to the law (Kettles et al, 2008) but for mental health nursing it has come to refer to the setting in which the service is provided.Such settings include * A Community forensic mental health team * Prisons. * Secure hospitals with a range of levels from low to hig hinside prisons there is the primary level of health headache run by the nurse and other popular practitioners who are the first point of call in most prisons. The second level is the equivalent of the society mental health teams and is the mental health In Reach team, normally only a MHN. in truth few have a full multi-disciplinary team (McMurran, 2009, p.72).Within the forensic setting the nurse faces a number of challenges.There are ethical upshots for the MHN in offering an equivalent service. Justifying access to the health care they may need and not be judgemental no matter what the morals or beliefs of the nurse squeeze out be very hard with some types of offenders who may have committed horrific crimes. The Code of call for by which all nurses have to abide by states we must Care for our patients and treat each person as an individual as well as organism an advocate to patients we care for. (NMC 2008)Another issue is that the MHN wont have ready access to the offende rs and vice versa as the setting is likely to be a controlled environment and the nurse or offender would have to ask the prison officer to take care them. Prisoners can request to see a healthcare professional by putting in a general application. (Rethink 2011)In some of the higher security settings the offenders might be afraid to prate the MHN as they may feel vulnerable or reluctant to get help for fear of being attacked back on the wing. They may also feel that there is a stigma that is still in some places attached to Mental Illness. The forensic MHN needs to support the client and help them to be able to access the care they need in line with the Codes of Conduct we have to abide by Treating people as a whole ( NMC 2008)The Therapeutic relationship is key for the mental health nurse. It about being able to organise the kind of conditions that will help to alleviate distress, to help with the process of recovery and study and about being able to care for the service user. I n the forensic setting, the natures of the work place could subscribe this very difficult.

Graphic communication Essay Example for Free

Graphic communication EssaySch 31 Promote communication in health, social care or pincerrens and two-year-old peoples settings. 1.2 Explain how communication affects relationships in the draw setting. conversation plays a massive scatter once take a craping a relationship in the work setting. By regularly keeping telling communication between practi whizrs, upraises/ flights and churlren collapses a positive working environment. The relationships are mostly based on the typeface of communication between one another, communication is not skillful by verbally but as well as the body language we show, facial expressions and our gestures. Communication with children and progeny people is very important. When a child is juvenile to the setting you would want them to feel comfortable and safe in your company away from enkindles/ life storys. As of when the children and one-year-old people does feel positively ab bulge out the new environment around then helps the pa rent/career of that child to feel relaxed and comfortable to hand over their child into your care knowing they testament hasten an enjoyable experience. The main way to build positive communication with the child/ young person is through with(predicate) play, as you dress down with them during activities the child would become more relaxed as you ask questions closely their games and actions, by masking interest into the childs/ young persons holistic development leave alone then build a positive relationship with that child/ young person.By showing positive body language in the setting, shows an invitation to the child/ young person that youre there to play games, do activities and be there to perplex a conversation. Lowering down to the childs/ young persons level which will then put you into the position to engage in eye contact, this will make the child/ young person feel like you are more approachable to cash in ones chips with for fount ask you questions. When verbal ly communicating between you and the child the tone of your voice is very important, the child will pick up on the way you say things more than what you said as this will tell them if youre cosmos positive towards them talking with them, or every being direct talking to them. Not only do you talk to them but also the child will response, or tied(p) approach you first to communicate either for a frequent conversation or to ask a question.All children are unlike, either it is by the way theyre brought up, their culture, have different beliefs, and in the way they communicate for example position is an additional language. If you had a child in the greenhouse who had English as a second language, and knew some words, verbally communicating with this child wouldnt be the first thing you would do. There are haemorrhoid of different ways to do this for example using picture cars with words, not only will this technique help communicate but also help build the childs English vocabu lary. Another being demonstrating, for example in an activity, lets say gluing and sticking, show the child what to do by demonstrating the activity for them to then copy your actions. Communication is very important, not only with the child/ young person but also their parents/ careers.Parents and careers need to be kept updated with everything that happens with their child/children and information that they need to know about the nursery itself. The stronger the relationship between the practioners and the parent/ career the stronger the trust the parents/ careers have with their child/ children in your care. Information should be cared on a day to day basis between the practioner and the parent/ career abpout everything that happens in the nursery. This information can be shared in different ways dep hold oning on the confidentiality. Information for all parents to know who have children at the nursery should be notices such as for example new children joining the group, allergi es that children have prompting the parent/ career about the foods the child should be allowed to take into the nursery, changes to day plans (hours, activities, trips).This figure of information can be transferred by sending out a newsletter to the parents/ careers individually when they drop run into of pick up their child/ children, a notice board inside/ outside of the nursery for everyone to read, emailing or texting to the parents/ careers as this could be an easier way for them. On the other hand information more confidential about an individual should just be kept between that parent/career of the child/ children and the practioner who is giving the information.This information can be transferred by a letter, email and a text but in my opinion this sort of communicatory communication just doesnt seem formal or appropriate. Information like this should either be told over a phonecall or even face to face at the beginning or end of the school day Taking the parent / career aside to have a conversation in a private room away from other parents and practioners. The information given would be topics such as, the childs behaviour if they are being disruptive, not listening to the staff harming other children, or even if the child seems upset and wont join in on different activities and games set. Sometimes communicating cant always be as easy as having a conversation or scripted communication for example a childs information profile.A parent/ career can be harder to approach in different situations for example the parent/ career has English as an additional language and knows some English but not enough to have a general conversation about the child, in this situation more verbal communication would be easier to approach than written communication. Also a parent/ career with dyslexia, verbal communication is easier to approach, especially when information is need on the childs profile for in the nursery, so in this scenario, the parent or career would hav e to verbally share this information with the practioner for them to record this information. As long as the parent/ career is knowledgeable of what is happening with their child and the nursery they will feel comfortable and trusting with their child in the care of the nursery.Keeping communication strong between yourself and work colleagues is very important as the information you share between one another is what will keep the nursery running where as if this communication was at a lamentable standard then no information will get told to everyone, people including staff, the parents/ careers and children. The sort of communication that would be between colleagues mostly on a day to day basis would be verbally, when in the work setting, such things being for example about activities and games, day plans, child absences, food times and parents drop off and pick up times.Also this all doesnt need to be verbally if its the selfsame(prenominal) information to be transferred to for each one member of staff every day, there could be for example a chart e.g in the baby room a chart been posted up on each childs different feeding and sleeping patterns. Building a strong relationship with colleagues would make life in your setting more comfortable, easier to work with one another and just better to talk to each other. Also by having a stable relationship communicating with each other will keep all of the staff up to date with everything happening.Communicating with colleague to colleague is a different to which you would talk to a child or a parent/ career. Speaking to a colleague would be less formal than anyone else as in the work setting you would build a strong experience as well as just a work relationship. On the other hand when address to a traffic outside of the nursery such as a special educational needs coordinator you would communicate in a more formal way and confidentially would be strict.Of a profession like this you would communicate verbally fa ce to face with them, or by even email, sharing the sort of information about a child theyre there to study. The different professions would need trust in you and the rest of the staff to make sure this child/ children dont feel left out because theyre different and that you respect and look out for them. In conclusion, when working in a nursery setting you are to be prepared to strongly communicate with everyone involved in your work to build that trust and respect. Not only verbally and just speaking but also thinking about how to speak and how to show your body language and facial expressions.

Eusebius Pamphili Essay Example for Free

Eusebius Pamphili attemptEusebius Pamphili, besides called Eusebius of Caesarea, is one of the key figures ever documented in the field of church history committal to writing/narration. He took into account essential happenings about a specific event and made accounts for people of bulky importance in the christian realm. Eusebius was exposed to events and he himself was an eyewitness of some martyrdom in some(prenominal) occasions like what happened in the persecution of Christianity in the time of the many Roman emperors. He was famous for his some(prenominal) historical works Chronicle and Church History. He overly wrote several obliges which served as references by many people like the Apology for Origen, Praeparatio de Evangelica (Preparation for the Gospel), Demostratio Evangelica (Proof of the Gospel), and other scholarly works that possesses historical values in itself. He appended supplements on the work, On the Theology of the Church to preserve the Nicene doctr ine of the Logos against Athanasius principles. scarcely perhaps another historical mark for Eusebius was his detailed accounts in the lives of the martyrs of the Palestine, Origen, and others.He also claimed that he witnessed persecutions in Egypt and Tyre. Furthermore, his prominent works in heresy hunting was also successful, an attribute only a few individual have during his time. His works, being focused in several Christian doctrines and teachings, is what makes it valuable for Christians today. This does not inevitably mean all his teachings were of absolute truth, but the fact that his works can be studied every to resolve or abhor the philosophy which depends on the bias and principle of the reader.Claiming that he had opportunities to witness such(prenominal) brutality made to the early Christians, it is on that pointfore valuable to read his accounts for the readers to assess his claims as wellspring as to consider his claims or despise the same. 1 The focal point of his work is to narrate in a very explicit way possible what transpired during that specific event based on Eusebius accounts and other writings. winning into account what happened during the persecution see by Christians during that period by the authorities is also one of the main points of his writing.The supposed Martyrs of Christ were also mentioned in the book including the method of execution applied unto them. Having burned live, fed into excited beasts, and other mutilation process were deportly stated in the book. Moreover, he made a careful rumination on the essential parts of the book by giving commentaries which had disputable issues involved. He also convey contrasts in the claims of Eusebius by including accounts from other manuscripts as well, and stating its case in contrary to Eusebius claims.One clear object lesson would be on the issue of the questionable escape by Eusebius from the persecution while the rest of his company suffered. Eusebius claimed that he escaped through the help of his friends from the authority. However, he was accused by others that he denied the faith, the main reason why he escaped from the prison. Another excerpt from the book would be the concern on his teachings regarding the basic Christian doctrine as again being challenged by other Christians. The contents of the book tackle on numerous historical accounts which are very important in analyze the church history.Eusebius accounts, as well as others writings must be acknowledged by those who ventures into the history of the early Christians. Describing explicitly the tortures experienced by early Christians, the author carried out the gravity of the said affliction. These reasons, the author believed were some of the factors why the book had to be furnished. Critical commentaries were in scripted by the writer of the book. He clearly included both sides of the issues whenever there are conflicting sides arguing for a specific event stated.Credibility of t he author depends on where he got the details included in his writing, as well as on how he presented those data he gathered. Since these issues were clearly evident in the writing of this manuscript, one can say that the authors credibility should not be in question. There are other writers who did a great reflect expounding the history of the church. They also claimed reliable sources as to where they acquired the details of their writings. They presented their commentaries with objectivity, making them a likely author. These descriptions cited were also integrated in the works of the author mentioned in this entire assessment.Readers of this generation would be having a clear insight on the topics included in the manuscript made by the author. They can either admire or detest some of the details written but this writing would surely provide them a good reference in studying church history. They can also witness the authors independent view on certain issues in the history of the church. Aside from all of these, this book should also be treated as a supplement on the topic of persecutions of the early Christians and the other details in a particular regime of past Roman emperors.The substance of a manuscript depends on several factors which includes its intrinsic importance and on how appropriate the book is in its field. This work made a great contribution in narrating events which focused on the writings of Eusebius. Stating all the ideas and principles incorporated in this writing, there is no way that this manuscript be given less importance, particularly in the grounds of studying the history of Christianity. From narrating the life of Eusebius, his circumstances, his accounts on the persecution of Christians and other relevant accounts made this book commendable.

The Supreme Court on ‘Hazelwood’ Essay Example for Free

The controlling Court on Hazelwood moveBoth judges and direct officials have been thinking about and dealing with the nature of school-age childs rights to free computer address through the 1970s and 1980s, since Tinker v. Des Moines Independent School Dist., the 1969 landmark U.S. Supreme Court ratiocination that acknowledged student rights. Stating that students do not shed their constitutive(a) rights . . . at the schoolhouse gate (393 U.S. at 506), the Court upheld the right of three Des Moines high school students to wear black armbands as a peaceful symbol of opposition to the Vietnam war. . . .The Courts ruling and reasoning subsequently were applied to student contemplation other than the wearing of armbands, from theater productions to art shows, from school assemblies to student publications. . . . The Supreme Court, balancing students constitutional freedoms and administrators traditional responsibilities, said in Tinker that school officials could not stop hu man face simply because they disliked it. . . . Student journalists efforts to gain press freedom experienced a major setback on January 13, 1988, when the U.S. Supreme Court ruled in Hazelwood School Dist. v. Kuhlmeier that school administrators could censor a school-sponsored newspaper. Just as Tinker had started an era of expanded student rights, so Hazelwood signals a departure that could lead toward more restriction of students expression.The Hazelwood principal believed that the stories he censoredaccounts of unnamed, pregnant students and a report on the collision of parental divorce on studentswere unfair and inappropriate for teenagers. He was concerned that the anonymous students could be identified, that the school would appear to be condoning teenage pregnancy, and that divorced parents criticized should be consulted prior to publication. . . . Instead of ruling narrowly on student newspapers, the Court in Hazelwood gave discretion to school officials to1. Serve as pu blisher. . . . 2. Censor, if there is a reasonable educational justification, any expression that does not properly reflect the schools educational mission. The Court called it reasonable to censor a newspaper story that school officials believe is not fair, expression that deals with sensitive topics, and content that is ungrammatical, poorly written, inadequately researched, biased or prejudiced, vulgar or profane, or discrepant for immature audiences.3. Use this power to control expression through any school-sponsored activity. Legal distinctions between class-produced and extra-curricular publications disappeared. line of business production, art shows, debates, and pep rallies are just some of the schoolsponsored activities now under tighter control. . . .4. Review student expression in advance, even when no guidelines define what will or will not be censored. composition of the United States, Amendment I Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free dress thereof or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press or the right of the people peaceably to assemble, and to supplicant the Government for a redress of grievances.

War of the worlds Essay Example for Free

War of the worlds Es vocaliseThis is the more multitude happenning to the stations and liter entirelyy beingness pushed back because of the over crowding. Another good piece of imagery to describe the fear would be people were fighting in the street over a cart this just shows you the determination people direct to get out of the city as quick as they can, instead of running they are stand themselves by fighting other people for the carts. A modern reader would relate to these actions if they were in the same(p) position, but I believe they would not fight to get a cart they would just run as fast as they could. And they would not go to the station as they would know that the station and all of the trains would be packed and you run the risk of being crushed to death. Along the narrators journey he meets many people, but deuce that stick out are the Curate and the Artilleryman. The narrator meets the Curate at his church, from the complete the two were completely parallel the two personalities clashed, and the narrators Science and the curates Religion clashed.And the curates weak mind did not suffice the note, within 6 days he had gone insane because of the lack of sociable order. Eventually the two get stuck in a house together, right next to the Martians. The curate threatens the narrator by squall loudly and eating the only food they fork up then he tries to make a run out for it, which would completely give away there, position, without thought the narrator hits him with the butt of a knife and left he open for the Martians to kill him.With the Artilleryman he had an insane plan which was fuelled by the lack out boundaries, he wanted to sacrifice the weak and live underground This shows that social order has left many of the stronger members of community to go crazy with the lack of support and leadership. The modern reader would read these two comparisons and see that social order has completely depleted and left many people without an y guidance and completely indefensible to the situation at hand.At the beginning of the impudent social order is completely intact until the situation gets a whole lot worse, then its every man for themselves. This is a clear example of what clock were like in those days in the face of a crisis. When a modern reader reads the novel and sees the breakdown in social order they sympathize because of the lack of understanding in science. They would also say where everyone could have improved, but that is only natural.Overall I think that the story was very good for the prison term it was written in, the decrease in social order is showed well and the language that is used is very good. barely I believe that the story could have improved as it was a bit basic, and maybe would have been a lot better if the story had covered a lot more angles. By jam Clarke 10X Show preview only The above preview is unformatted text This student written piece of process is one of many that can be fo und in our GCSE Miscellaneous section.

The Hero Cycle in the Harry Potter Series Essay Example for Free

The Hero Cycle in the plague fiddle Series EssayAlthough Harry Potter is a product of the 21st century, he still has the necessary components of the quixotic hero. The mystical circumstances surrounding his birth, his underdog state before receiving unlimited power, the aspiration of the chosen on his forehead, his status in the one residential area as the future savior these qualities be just some examples that show how Harry Potter was patterned after the idea of a romantic hero (Heilman, 2008). As a result, he became a char puzzle outer whom audiences found themselves easily relating with. In succeeding(a) Harrys adventures, they were introduced to a world where good always triumphs over evil and problems can be instantly solved with a single magic spell. The Heros Journey In close every genre and medium, the journey of the romantic hero is divided into three parts departure, initiation and return. such(prenominal) a division was intended mainly to show audiences wh y he or she deserved to be the protagonist. In the season of the journey, the positive traits of the protagonist are slowly revealed. In the process, it is imparted to audiences that even the most intermediate persons can likewise be heroes in their own right.Departure The departure begins with the call to adventure. The hero, unremarkably depicted as a dislocated and oppressed individual, is suddenly given notice that he or she is nigh to undergo a living-changing escapade. Harry was presented in Harry Potter and the Sorcerers Stone (1997) as an orphan who was constantly maltreated by his relatives, the Dursleys. His miserable existence came to an end when the wizard Rubeus Hagrid suddenly came for him at the Dursley home and brought him to Hogwarts (Stouffer, 2007).Read moreHow many words are in harry potter.But referable to reasons such as fear, insecurity or a sense of duty or obligation, the hero usually refuses to heed the call. Harry was initially reluctant to attend H ogwarts due to personal insecurities and lack of money. These concerns were dispelled when he ulterior realized that his parents had a large amount of currency deposited at Gringotts Bank and that he was well-known in the wizardry circles as the boy who lived (Neal, 2002). According to Hagrid, Harry survived the Dark Lord Voldemorts curse of termination which killed both his parents (Neal, 2002).Once the hero has committed to the quest, either consciously or unconsciously, he or she is bestowed with coarse power and magical helpers. Apart from Hagrid, two of Harrys closest friends in Hogwarts were his schoolmates Ron Weasley and Hermione Granger. They proved to be loyal friends who always stood by his side through thick and thin. Through bring out the series, Harry also acquired several(prenominal) powers such as the ability to enlarge an item (engorgio) and create a Patronus (Expecto Patronum) (Granger, 2008). Furthermore, the heros commission to the quest entails his or her ab andonment of familiar surroundings and beliefs.From being the drudge and whipping boy of the Dursleys, Harry became a very powerful wizard who fought fearsome villains such as Sirius Black, Snape and Voldemort himself. Furthermore, the responsibilities associated with being the boy who lived resulted in Harry having a more restricted life than most boys his age. In an age when most boys should be having their first romantic relationships, Harry was depicted struggling to deal with his failed romance with Cho Chang (Agarwal and Vincent, 2005). Initiation In the duration of the adventure proper, the hero experiences numerous trials.These ordeals were intended to bring about his or her transformation. Although the hero often fails in one or more of these tests, his or her allies help him or her get back on track. Harry is no exception. In his first year in Hogwarts, he had to help capture a mountain troll, get past a three-headed dog named Fluffy, escape Devils Snare, find and keep an eye on the correct flying key among a flock, win a game of living chess, figure out which potion is safe to drink and finally face Professor Quirrell/Voldemort before getting the Sorcerers pock out of the Mirror of Erised (Neal, 2007).By the time he reached his second year, Harry had to discover who the heir of Slytherin is and surmount the monster in the Chamber of Secrets. In his third year, he and Hermione were tasked with figuring out how to rescue Buckbeak and Sirius. In his fourth year, Harry had to take a golden egg from the nest of a mother flying dragon in order to get through the Triwizard Tournament, rescue hostages held by merepeople and get to the Triwizard Cup by locomotion through a dangerous maze.In his fifth year, he was in danger of being expelled and having his nightstick taken, was tested in every subject for his Ordinary Wizarding Level Examinations (OWLs) and traveled to London to battle death Eaters and Voldemort. In his sixth year, Harry went with Dumbl edore to a lake guarded by inferius (animated human corpses) before they found and destroyed one of Voldemorts horcruxes (Neal, 2007). The trials that the hero undergoes are not without purpose these take place primarily to germinate him or her for the final encounter with his or her nemesis.In Harrys case, therefore, the trials that he underwent in Hogwarts were very preparations for his final battle with Voldemort. But his confrontation with Voldemort is more than just a skirmish it was an exorcism of the break up of Voldemort which he carried in himself. It must be noted that when Harry was still a baby, his mother Lily revenue stamp a powerful protection charm over him a spell which required her to offer her lifes blood.In order to grant himself invincibility, Voldemort stole a fraction of this powerful charm an act which resulted in him and Harry bound together in life and in death (Falconer, 2008). Return by and by the adventure was finally accomplished, the hero is usually reluctant to return to normal life. But his or her guides and assistants manages to lead him or her that the wisdom that he or she gained during the quest would be put to better use when dual-lane with the rest of the world.Thus, the hero returns to everyday life, retaining the wisdom that he or she acquired during the adventure and using it for the betterment of the community he or she lives in. After defeating Voldemort, Harry went on to become the head of the Auror Department the organization responsible for ridding the world of evil wizards. His struggle against Voldemort left in him a strong resolve never to permit evil wizards threaten the world again (Riphouse, 2004).Conclusion The black-and-white, romantic persona of Harry Potter is a welcome break in an era of complex strife.His meteoric rise from underdog to the most powerful wizard unconsciously implies to audiences that they can still overcome their present situation no matter how difficult it whitethorn see m. Although good people may have things hard at first, they will eventually triumph in the end. The bad people, on the other hand, will end up receiving the punishment that they deserve. Simply put, Harry Potter is a reminder to a conflict-weary populace that there is still hope even for the most insuperable dilemma.

Duffys poetry Essay Example for Free

Duffys poetry EssayA critic has writ7ten that Duffys poetry is primarily concerned with sympathetic failings. To what extent do you feel this is true of The Worlds wife? Refer to two or three poetrys in detail or range more widely through the whole collection. Carol Ann Duffys collection of The Worlds Wife revolves a lot around the subject of human failings. Duffys use of everyday language bothows her meters to be get a line by everyone. In the collection of The Worlds Wife she tackles serious issues such as gender, contemporary culture, alienation and hearty inequality. These free radicals allow her to writing to appeal to a contemporary audience and delivers key messages. The theme of arrogance is seen in several poems, in Mrs Icarus we see that she finds his arrogance unappealing and that she feels as if men feel they can sustain the acts of God hes a total, utter absolute, Grade A pillock. This is similar to Faust, who sold his sole to the devil in return for twent y-four years of unlimited pleasure, knowledge and power he boasts I spent the darkness beingness pleasured by a virtual Helen of Troy. Dr Faustus lack of self get a line, ignorance and plain arrogance could be fabricated to be a failing, although he lived a happy heart his inhibitions to be successful he needed the aid of the devil therefore he was doomed from the beginning. Here we can see the obvious link up between the two poems and how the two characters egotistical ways led to their failure. One enkindle failure Duffy uses is seen in the poem The Devils Wife, Duffy interestingly splits this poem into six sections which all relate back to different themes, we see the think of of a relationships, motherhood and repentance.The poem is written based on the background hi invention of the Moors Murders, with the protagonist Myra Hindley and how she became unwavering with sociopath Ian Brady. In the first incite of the poem we as the readers see how Duffy, displays Hindley as being the nondescript office lender with a crush I scowled and poured and sneered. I gave as favour able as good as I got till he asked me out we can see that she was the one who initiated the whole relationship. The story changes He entered me. From this moment she was now his, this could be another failing that men clear more control than women and she was just his puppet he made me bury a biddy. Duffy uses an interesting metaphor here, she say doll instead of a child as a doll is thought to be a childs nobble and just a possession which they eventually no longer require. It ends with I felt like this knife of stone. Two black slates for eyes. Thumped wound of a mouth. Nobodys Mam. We can see that she has become so obsessed with him, her life has changed forever.Also we are able to identify another theme of motherhood, hoi polloi were unable to understand how Hindley was able to commit the most abhorrent, sadistic and unforgivable crimes against children as women are associated with protective mother love. We then see that in the third part of the poem, Duffy uses a sonnet in an untraditional form instead of it being the ordinary love poem, the lack of punctuation shows Hindleys state of mind and shes finally repenting and blaming Brady for all of the murders. The final part of the poem gives different forms of execution and she finally admits she was in fact the Devil wife.Although this poem is lengthy, the key themes all relate to the main subject of human failings, love is a key importance in this poem He held my heart in his fist and squeezed it dry. Here we can see that men are possessive in relationships and Brady was in control of Hindley, which could be deemed a failing. Also motherhood is a joyous endowment in life and could be one of the most important things in life but Hindley displays phlegm towards children and lets Brady control her life I flew in my chainswhere wed buried the doll. Finally we see another theme of repentance G et me a Bible honestly promise you swear but by the magazine she finally realised her misplays it was too late. Another them used is Power, this could also be assumed as a failing. In Mrs Midas, in which she finds that everything her conserve touches turns to gold soon after she realises the marriage will not work because of her husbands selfishness. I thought of the Field of the Cloth of Gold and of Miss Macready. Here we can see that her husband valued wealth above everything else, but it wasnt until he accidently touched his daughter he realised the mistake of his greed that was his failing. In The Kray Sisters, Duffy subverts the original story by using female portrayals instead of men the poem uses cockney slang which allows us as readers to interact more with the poem and makes it more believable. The Kray Twins ran a protective racket, and were well known West End gangsters. The poem actually displays the success of the twins and how they were feared among the streets. howe ver interestingly this so-called value may have given the Krays the authority they wanted We wanted respect for the way we entered a bar, or handled a car, or shrivelled a hard-on with simply a menacing look However ultimately this respect led to the demise of the twins and they may have ruled the west end during their time but landed themselves a life-sentence in prison. Was it really worth it? Respect and honour are meant to be earned with dignity not by threatening and violating people therefore I think that although this poem contains positive connotations it ultimately displays a failing.Duffys collection of the Worlds Wife is an interesting selection of poems and it is clear that one of the major themes associated with the collection is Human Failings, although these are not seen clearly and not every persona fails the actions they carry out could be assumed as a failing. The ironical and satirical way Duffy writes displays the dark humour of The Worlds Wife we can see that Duffy tries to impersonate the wives of famous characters both perverse and fictions.

1984 First Five Chapters Summary Essay Example for Free

1984 First Five Chapters Summary EssayReaders are introduced to Winston Smith, his living stance which although called Victory Mansion is not lavish it is a run-down apartment complex. Readers are also introduced to colossal Brother, the governments authority figure and figurehead for the companionship. The telescreen always watches its political party Members, looking for traitors among them. Winston brings come to the fore a journal, out of view of the telescreen, because it is considered an act of rebellion against the Party. He writes about the films the Party makes, the dark-haired girl from decease and OBrien, someone he believes is against the Party.Winston believes the Thought Police will knock at his door, but it turns out to be Mrs. Parsons, his neighbor. Winston helps her with the Parsons plumbing and her children accuse him of thoughtcrime. Her children are upset that they couldnt go see the public hanging. He goes back to his apartment and hides the journal. W inston then dreams of his mother and a sinking ship that he feels responsible for. He then dreams of a Utopia free from the Party where he is with the dark-haired girl from work. He wakes up to a whistle for the Physical Jerks, the Partys regulated physical recital. Winston is yelled at from the telescreen by the exercise manager.After the Physical Jerks Winston goes to work at the Ministry of Truth where he updates Big Brothers orders and Party Records so what Big Brother says is always true. He makes up a story about a fictional person, Comrade Ogilvy, as a ideal Party Man who died. Winston then meets up with Syme, other Party member who revises the Newspeak dictionary. Syme talks about the aime of Newspeak is to erase words.Winston knows the Syme will be vaporized because he is likewise intelligent. Parsons, Winstons neighbor, visits Winston to get their apartments dues. Parsons laughs about how his children treated Winston the previous day. The Ministry of Plenty announces an increase in production but Winston knows the increase is actually a lie. Winston believes he is being watched by the dark-haired girl, who he thinks is a Party agent.Chapter 1-5 Responses1. I like Winston so far even though he seems real weak, which is just a result of the Partys oppression. The Party seems to be everywhere, impacting everyone. 3. The word-painting, The Truman Show, is based off of the movie 1984 in the way that someone is controlling and watching over the protagonists lives. They have no privacy or choices. 6. I was very surprised that the exercise manager called out to Winston. Up until that point I believed the Party always watching was a scam to making people follow the Party. 7. I would like the close chapter to develop into Winston investigating the Party and trying to rebel more against them.

Overview of Celiac Disease and Gluten

Overview of Celiac Disease and GlutenWHATS IN YOUR WHEAT? BY AISHA ADILPercolating deep into the abyss of gluten-related research studies, opinions and perspectives, and some(prenominal) news outlets, it is starting to seem that, despite the hype, gluten-free diets (GFD) may not necessarily be the response to a vigorous lifestyle. Although these diets are the solely current nutritional treatment for gluten-sensitive patients, other treatment options are be speculated. But even outside of the scope of disease, the prominence of gluten-free diets in the general population is raising fountainhead marks about how hazardous gluten really is. It has only been about 10,000 days since chaff berry was introduced exclusively it is only now that being gluten-free is apparently the path to a sound life.Hence, questioning what is in your wheat invites the examination of gluten what caused it to gain so much prominence and subsequently a downgrade in the past years? What else is involve d besides gluten? It is surprising to realize that many gluten-sensitive individuals are subject to a combination of factors, instead than gluten alone, that give rise to their sensitivity. Many researchers are investigating other complex carbohydrates present in wheat with some even bespeaking that these carbohydrates have a higher likelihood in causing intestinal wo than gluten. With several angles of research being conducted on the role of gluten in our lives, it is imperative that we evaluate the history of gluten all over the years and our current knowledge to assess a question that is very simply-put but difficult to answer is a gluten-free diet a healthy choice?The Underpinning of Civilizations and Celiac The breakthrough of seeds and domestication of crops cradled the development and flourishment of civilizations at the cost of coeliac disease (CD), an illness triggered by the ingestion of gluten. Clinically, the existence of celiac disease dates ass to 1888 but it was only a little less than a hundred years later in the 1950s that the role of wheat, barley, and rye were speculated as the cause of intestinal lesions. Gluten, the storage proteins that comprise much of our jet sources of carbohydrates such as wheat, barley, and rye, was found to be at the center of inducing CD and later in time, non-celiac gluten sensitivity. While the latter disorder is a controversial matter in even being considered a medical condition, celiac disease patients show a hypersensitive reaction to gluten consumption. This autoimmune ailment, otherwise describe as a condition that causes our bodys immune system to attack our own tissues, detracts individuals from proper nutrient immersion and subjects them to abdominal pain, diarrhea, and swollen bellies. It gouge even reach the extent of destroying our intestinal villi, the brush-like sur governing bodys of our small intestine. Recently, it has been found that CD arises when individuals, along with being exposed to gluten, have a genetic predisposition to CD, and, per Fasano and his colleagues nine years of research, a leaky gut an unusually permeable intestinal membrane, that permits the entry of gliadins, undigested fragments of gluten.The immunology of Celiac Disease Delving gain ground into the pathophysiology of CD, the mechanisms underlying CD are more manifold than one might expect. CD patients harbor an ancestral set of gene variants called histocompatibility leukocyte antigens (HLAs) that give rise to the hypersensitive reaction against gluten. 95% of celiac patients possess HLA-DQ2 and/or HLA-DQ8, proteins required for the primary establishment of CD. These proteins aid in developing an immune response in the face of microbial attacks. However, CD patients bodies secrete the tissue transglutaminase (TTG) that responds to and modifies ingested gluten proteins in a way that binds them with DQ2/8 proteins and initiates an immune response. though this immune response should be pro tective, it unfortunately harms the intestinal cells and hinders the absorption of nutrients.We are not engineered to eat wheat. gluten only came into the picture 10 000 years ago, with the advent of agriculture Alessio Fasano, University of Maryland School of MedicineThe novel introduction of gluten perhaps explains why our body mounts an immune response against it it perceives gluten as a foreign encroacher such as a virus or a bacterium and activates the same defense as it does when an infection attacks our body. It therefore belongs tempting to propose that gluten should be eliminated from our diets completely but not so fast, says Fasano. Fasanos discovery of zonulin, a protein activated by gliadin in gluten and a capability of modifying the guts permeability, is seemingly a light beam of hope. This protein is predictably what allows a leaky gut to occur, creating a loss of control as our intestine tidy sum no longer create a barrier against unwanted particles. However, zonulin is a controversial solution as clinical research and exhibit on zonulin is scant. It is notwithstanding suggested that zonulin modifies antigen traffic and may be involved in not only CD but in other, various immune diseases.Who knew gluten could cause careen?Having gluten inwardly the diet and experiencing gluten-sensitivity outside the context of celiac has excessively sparked controversies worldwide. This has been the case with Non-Celiac Gluten Sensitivity (NCGS), another syndrome in the spectrum of gluten-induced disorders that results in both extraintestinal and gastrointestinal symptoms due to gluten-withdrawal. This syndrome is however not new as reports dating back to the mid-seventies and 1980s provide evidence of patients experiencing wheat or gluten withdrawal in the absence seizure of CD. NCGS main controversy today lies within its unavailable etiologic background or evidence such as biomarkers or histological abnormalities to support its existence. Anothe r issue is that NCGS patients also report symptoms similar to those found in plaguy Bowel Syndrome patients (IBS).This is an area where personal experience and anecdote really trumps the medical evidence thats emerged Dr. Jason Tye-Din, gastroenterologist at Walter and Eliza anteroom Institute of Medical Research, Australia. Although this condition is raising conflicts between personal beliefs and medical advice, further research proposes that NCGS patients may be intolerant to other components of wheat such as FODMAPS and fructans rather than just gluten. FODMAPS, a assembly of sugars that are either poorly absorbed by the small intestine or completely indigestible, can be found in aliments high in fructose such as apples and mangoes, dairy products, and fructans such as onions and garlic. Several studies such as Peter Gibsons and Biesikeierski and colleagues, in 2011, suggested that gluten is the culprit after all. Both well-designed studies subjected IBS patients to a gluten restriction challenge followed by a reintroduction of gluten. The results suggested that IBS patients do have NCGS given that they experienced stomach ailments when hardened with gluten. These studies were however, criticized for their small numbers of participants and limited statistical evidence. Further well-designed and more detail-oriented studies in 2013 revealed that NCGS patients did not experience symptoms from gluten but rather with a FODMAPs diet.Accordingly, it seems that a FODMAPs-free diet is more effective but also more complicated than a gluten-free diet. Studies from 2011 have also convinced millions of people that being gluten-free makes them feel better. Research on FODMAPs however, does not have enough data to provide a definitive answer either most of it is undecipherable or preliminary. Many studies are currently underway and will require time before a conclusive answer is available.Going Gluten-FreeConversely, with an increasingly growing belief that gluten -free diets are healthier, there is an increased consumption and demand for gluten-free foods in the market. Food companies are using the common perceptions that gluten-free products are healthier to advertise their products as such and that too, at an elevated price. These products may even be nutrient-poor and miscellaneous about their sugar, salt, and saturated plank composition. Economic markets respond to meet the growing demand hence it is no surprise to Catherine embrace, a source of the Canadian Medical Association Journal, that gluten-free stamps are appearing more frequently on both healthy and unhealthy products. This therefore leads us to question whether the gluten-free products we buy are actually healthy. Besides our deep percolation of the pathogenesis and underlying mechanisms of wheat components and their effects on gluten-induced disorders, answering this question involves additional enquiry into the markets expansion of gluten-free products. later on investig ating and comparing the nutritional quality of 3213 gluten-free and non-gluten free products across 10 food categories, Wu and his colleagues in 2015 deduced that gluten-free products have, on average, lower protein levels, and an overall poor quality due to a high composition of sugar, salt, and saturated fats. Cross delved further into this matter suggesting that conventional gluten-free flours such as potato, rice, tapioca, and sorghum contain more calories and carbohydrates, and are also unfortified, an absence of intentionally increased essential micronutrients. Put differently, there is a large body of evidence suggesting that being gluten-free is not always healthier given the substitution of fat and sugar to compensate for the absence of gluten.However, further insight into whether this gluten-free diet is a better option can be better silent from CD patients bound to this diet. Groups of researchers including Lee and colleagues, and Singh Whelan all present similar data a nd conclusions of the limited availability of gluten-free products in parts of the US and in London, UK as well as their increased price compared to standard counterparts. Furthermore, Nascimento and colleagues in 2014 percolated consumer perceptions and suggestions of celiac consumers in Brazils Santa Catarina, and found that along with low availability and high prices, individuals experienced poor palatableness and social life restrictions leading to hindrances in adhering to the gluten-free diet, and overall dissatisfaction with employing the diet. Other studies, such as Hallert and colleagues also suggest higher levels of nutritional deficiencies, especially of fibre and B vitamins. Conclusively, these studies and observations provide a greater set of limitations than advantages in employing a gluten-free diet which raises the ultimate question how do we stay healthy?Fasano suggests that it depends on how one wants to become gluten-free. If one employs a natural gluten-free diet without substitutes and consume only fresh fruits, vegetables, and meats, it may be dear and may alleviate their symptoms of gluten-sensitivity. But a gluten-free diet with gluten-free pasta or cakes may result in adverse effects. Alexandra Anca, a Toronto dietitian, also suggests that if one desires a healthy-eating lifestyle, it is better to get back to the basics. While celiac patients are bound to gluten-free diets but nonetheless are on their way to alternative treatments, those who seek healthy lifestyles should focus on whole and less-processed foods, says Melanie McGrice, an Australian dietician.Overall, employing a healthy lifestyle is complicated given the interplay of the food markets increasingly diverse production of gluten-free products and the less well-known facts and studies about CD and NCGS. Embarking on this journey nonetheless requires a careful consideration of how you want to become healthy will you go old-school with the fresh fruits and vegetables? tiding s Count 1796